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Crop Reference Chart: Direct-Seeded Crops

Crop Family Rows per bed Band width
(inches)
In-row spacing 
(plants per foot)
In-row spacing
(inches)

Planting depth
(inches)
Final thinned spacing 
(plants per foot)
Infrastructure
Arugula, Baby Brassica 4 2 60 0.2 0.125   Row cover
Bean, Pole Legume 1   16 0.75 1   Bamboo pole (8 ft) towers; 3 Sisters formation
Beet Chenopod 3   15 0.8 0.5 4  
Callaloo Amaranth 2   15 0.8 0.25 2  
Carrot Umbellifer 4 2 30 0.4 0.25-0.5 10  
Choi, Large Brassica 3   1 12 0.25-0.5   Row cover
Choi, Mini Brassica 4   15 0.8 0.25-0.5 6 Row cover
Choy Sum Brassica 4 2 15 0.8 0.25-0.5 6-15 Row cover
Cilantro Umbellifer 4   15 0.8 0.25-0.5    
Dill Umbellifer 4   15 0.8 0.125-0.25 3  
Fennel Umbellifer 3   10 1.2 0.25 2  
Garlic Allium 4   2 6 2-3   Straw mulch
Kohlrabi Brassica 3   10   0.5 3 Row cover
Mustard Mix Brassica 4 2 60 0.2 0.25-0.5   Row cover
Onion, Bunching Allium 4 2-3 48 0.25 0.25-0.5    
Onion, Cipollini Allium 4 2-4 24 0.5 0.25-0.5 12  
Pea Legume 1 2 24 0.5 0.5-1 15 Trellis netting
Potato Nightshade 1   1.5 8 2-3    
Radish Brassica 4 3 35 0.3 0.5 15 Row cover
Radish, Large Brassica 4 2-3 10 1.2 0.5 3 Row cover
Rapini Brassica 2   12 1.0 0.5 6 Row cover
Spinach Chenopod 4 2 40 0.3 0.25    
Turnip Brassica 4 2-4 10 1.2 0.25-0.5 6 Row cover

Guidelines For Use

These files are produced by the Urban Farm and are intended to be free and shared widely; they should not be altered, used for resale, or shared without proper credit.

This chart is developed for biointensive crop production in a rooftop market garden setting and is a living document that will be updated continually.

We use 30-inch wide in-ground raised beds and ensure rows are planted a minimum of 4 inches in from the bed shoulders.