You are now in the main content area

Exploring Smart Speaker Disclosure and Adoption Intentions: A Privacy Adoption Calculus Perspective

Construct

Final Scale Item

Perceived Privacy Risk

(Modified from Hsu & Lin, 2018)

PR1: There is a considerable privacy risk involved in using a smart speaker device.

PR2: There is too much uncertainty associated with using a smart speaker device.

PR3: My decision to use this a smart speaker device exposes me to privacy risks.

PR4: Using a smart speaker device would lead to a loss of privacy.

Privacy Concerns

(Modified from Dinev & Hart, 2006)

PC1: I am concerned that the information I submit on a smart speaker device could be misused.

PC2: I am concerned that a person can find private information about me on a smart speaker device.

PC3: I am concerned about submitting information to a smart speaker, because of what others might do with it.

PC4: I am concerned about submitting information to a smart speaker, because it could be used in a way I did not foresee.

Trust

(Modified from Dinev & Hart, 2006 & Malhotra et al., 2004)


T1: A smart speaker device provides a safe environment in which to exchange information with others.

T2: A smart speaker would be trustworthy in handling personal information.

T3: A smart speaker device handles personal information submitted by users in a competent fashion.

Intention to Disclose Personal Information 

(Modified from Kim et al., 2019)


ID: I would provide accurate and identifiable personal information when using a smart speaker device

ID2: I would provide personal financial information such as credit card information when using a smart speaker device

ID3:  I would provide real-time location information when using a smart speaker device

Perceived Usefulness 

(Modified from Davis, 1989)

PU1: Using a smart speaker device would enable me to accomplish tasks more quickly

PU2: Using a smart speaker device would improve my performance

PU3: Using a smart speaker device would increase my productivity at home

PU4: Using a smart speaker device would enhance my effectiveness of using devices

PU5: Using a smart speaker device would make my everyday life easier

PU6: I would find a smart speaker device useful

Perceived Ease of Use 

(Modified from Davis, 1989)

PEOU1: Learning to operate a smart speaker device would be easy for me

PEOU2: I would find it easy to get a smart speaker device to do what I want it to do

PEOU3: My interaction with a smart speaker device would be clear and understandable

PEOU4: I would find a smart speaker device to be flexible to interact with

PEOU5: It would be easy for me to become skillful at using a smart speaker device

PEOU6: I would find a smart speaker device easy to use

Intention to Use

(Modified from Venkatesh & Bala, 2008)

BI2: Assuming I had access to a smart speaker, I intend to use it

BI2: Given that I had access to a smart speaker device I predict that I would use it

BI3: I plan to use a smart speaker device in the next three months

Perceived Critical Mass

(Modified from Kim et al., 2019)

CM1: Most people in my peer group frequently use smart speakers

CM2: Most people in my community frequently use a smart speaker device

CM3: My family/friends frequently use smart speakers

CM4: Most people I know use a smart speaker device