Global energy consumption is conservatively projected to expand two-fold to 30 terawatts (TW) by 2050; therefore the need for alternative energy sources is imperative. A survey of our renewable options reveals that the sun is the only viable non-carbonaceous energy source. In fact within 50 minutes the sun provides the earth with enough energy to meet our annual global needs. Solar electricity is currently five-fold more expensive than electricity from conventional sources (e.g., coal, hydro, etc.). In order to replace traditional energy sources and expand our solar market to the TW scale, a substantial change in technology is required. This includes making cost-effective materials that can replace silicon-based photovoltaics.